Ethiopia was profoundly influenced by nine Syrian saints in the 5th and 6th centuries, making it one of Africa’s earliest Christian nations. This devotion to Christianism saw the development of their unique Ethiopian crosses, different in that they uniquely omit Christ’s body and focus on resurrection’s triumph. They are a symbiotic blend of Amharic symbolism, art form, and Christianism.
The crosses, also known as Abyssinian crosses, have designs characterised by intricate latticework and “dancing” knots. The central axis represents the bridge between heaven and earth, while the four arms symbolise the four Gospels. These interwoven repetitive patterns symbolise God’s eternal nature, divine unity, and creation’s interconnectedness. Often flared or expanded, they powerfully reflect divine radiance and spiritual significance.
Initially, a neck-tied string known as a mateb symbolised participation in the church. In the 15th century, Emperor Zara Yaqob ordered that all Christians wear a cross. They started out as simple pendants and changed over time to be handheld and processional. These developments made crosses an important part of the region’s character and helped preserve and expand the Christian religion.
Ethiopian crosses vary widely by regional style, often named after their origin, like Axum (classic form), Lalibela (oval shape), and Gondar (circular). They come in three main forms: processional, hand, and neck crosses. Crafted by skilled artisans from diverse materials, their uniqueness is profound. No two are alike, each reflecting God’s boundless creativity, setting them apart from mass-produced items.
Apart from their design beauty, they are a strong symbol of Ethiopia and the devotion to Christianism.
