Azerbaijan, often referred to as the “Land of Fire,” is home to over 400 mud volcanoes, making it a unique geological phenomenon. These volcanoes, fuelled by the country’s vast natural gas reserves of 2.5 trillion cubic meters and tectonic activity, do not erupt with lava but instead spew cold mud that heats up only during the eruption.
This remarkable event happens when water deep beneath the Earth’s surface is heated, mixing with minerals and methane gas which is forced to the surface by tectonic pressure, sending flames soaring up to 1,000 meters.
The mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan thus form a surreal, fiery landscape.
